"Copper Sensitivity of Gonyaulax tamarensis," Limnology and Oceanography, 23(2): 283-295. "The Importance of Trace Metal Speciation to Water Quality Criteria," Water Environment Research, 68:42-54. How has the BLM approach been applied in practice?Īdditional information on implementing EPA's national recommended copper criteria.What input parameters are needed to run the BLM?.How do the BLM-derived criteria compare to the hardness-based criteria?.Why is the BLM an improvement over EPA's old hardness-based copper criteria?.This introductory presentation provides an overview of the copper BLM and addresses commonly asked questions, such as: WQS Academy: Biotic Ligand Model and Copper Criteria (pdf) (241.09 KB, March 2016, 820Q16001).Input data for the BLM include: temperature, pH, dissolved organic carbon (DOC), major cations (Ca, Mg, Na, & K), major anions (SO 4 & Cl), alkalinity, and sulfide.ĮPA has developed this special interest module to provide the user with valuable information on the BLM. The BLM is a metal bioavailability model that uses receiving water body characteristics and monitoring data to develop site-specific water quality criteria.
EPA's 2007 aquatic life freshwater quality criteria for copper is based on the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM).
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